










"Boredom is the desire for happiness left in its pure state."
-Giacomo Leopardi
"Something that would reduce or enhance the feeling of boredom." - "We're not bored." "We're not capable of it."
-Maurice Blanchot



Oh, well, there are books by friends, that you do give yourself to. You approach them with a different psychological stance, somehow, wanting to enjoy. And doing so. As with the most recent Gil Sorrentino, for instance. Or Ann Beattie's new collection of stories. But there's simply no impulse toward anything else, and certainly not toward the latest generation. They all seem like they shouldn't have driver's licenses, even. You do become aware of the names, of course. Who are they, Lethem, Foer, Eggers? Are they mostly named Jonathan?
You know of them, but you're not interested in reading them?
Seriously -- to paraphrase Ezra Pound, there's no record of a critic ever saying anything significant about a writer who came later than he did. You grow up getting interested in books, and the writers of your own generation or the generation or two before your own are the ones you pay most attention to. But listen, I'm scarcely as bad as some of the people I know. But good lord, some of the people I went to college or even graduate school with pretty much quit about nine days after they got their diplomas. And haven't read a poet since Auden, or a novelist since Hemingway. There was one fat novel I did read. In 1996, in fact. I remember the date because my novel Reader's Block had also just been published: Infinite Jest. Before I'd heard of David Foster Wallace, way back in 1990, he'd written a very perceptive long essay on Wittgenstein's Mistress for a periodical. Even though I was never able to solve the structure of his novel, to understand why it ended where it did, I admired the hell out of it. Eight or nine years ago even, I wasn't reading with the equipment I possessed when I was younger. But pat me on the head, I did manage to get through one novel that long in the past decade.
There is however no rhetorical posturing in Blanchot, nothing even that could signal that exclusive and rather outmoded cult of "art for art’s sake." If, like Valéry’s Monsieur Teste (about which one of the most brilliant readings ever offered can be found in this collection), Blanchot is more fascinated by the workings of the mind than by its results, he is not one of those Neo-Parnassians who live idly remote from the preoccupations of the city. For him as for Sartre, although in a very different way, literature can only be a matter of "communication," yet in the noblest and strictest sense of the word. Every work forms with its audience a dialectic relationship where the distinction between essential and non-essential is never simple. The presence in this collection of a large number of texts which are actually "book reviews" in the strictest sense in that they comment on the recent publications of novels that were not necessarily destined to be epoch-making (and in fact were not) bears witness to this.
Alan Greenspan has come back from the tomb of history to correct the record. He did not make any mistakes in his eighteen-year tenure as Federal Reserve chairman. He did not endorse the regressive Bush tax cuts of 2001 that pumped up the federal deficits and aggravated inequalities. He did not cause the housing bubble that is now in collapse. He did not ignore the stock market bubble that subsequently melted away and cost investors $6 trillion. He did not say the Iraq War is "largely about oil."
Check the record. These are all lies.
[...]Wall Street loved the Chairman best because the traders and bankers knew he was always on their side and would come to their rescue. The major news media treated him like an Old Testament prophet. Whatever the chairman said was carved on stone tablets, even when it didn't make any sense, as it often didn't.
Some of us who followed his tracks more closely, were not so kind. Harry Reid, now the Democratic Senate leader, said Greenspan was "one of the biggest political hacks in Washington." Amen. I called him "the one-eyed chairman" who could always spot reasons to stomp on the real economy of work and production, but was utterly blind to the destructive chaos in the financial system. No matter. The adoration of him was nearly universal.
Until now. The economic consequences of his rule are accumulating and even the dullest financial reporters are stumbling on crumbs of truth about Greenspan's legendary reign. It sowed profound and dangerous imbalances in the US economy. That's what happens when government power tips the balance in favor of capital over labor, favoring super-rich over middle class and poor, then holds it there for nearly a generation.

Bankers as well as political elites now doubt these debts will ever be repaid. In the US the default rate on prime adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) has more than tripled since 2004. If such defaults spread to society as a whole, the outcome would signal financial but also societal meltdown. This is why the US treasury secretary (Henry Paulson, a banker and until recently head of Goldman Sachs) and the US president have abandoned their free-market principles and - in a plan announced on 6 December 2007 - intervened to help people hit by the housing-market meltdown.
Since 9 August 2007 - what I called in an earlier openDemocracy article, "debtonation day" - the guardians of our finances have used bluffery to calm and reassure bankers, journalists and citizens (who are also mortgage-holders, investors, employees, and consumers). They have tried to manage the storm-surge - by adding more "liquidity" and lowering interest-rates! In other words, and to quote Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933: "faced by the failure of credit they have proposed only the lending of more money."
This response has been described by one commentator as “lighting matches in the rain”. It reveals that those responsible cannot see, still do not understand the nature of the gigantic credit-bubble - including components like the huge CDS debts - and the consequences now of the bursting of this bubble.
The least informed of all appear to be orthodox economists. Most are busy engaged in arcane and irrelevant research well distanced from the real world of global financial engineering. They have befuddled consumers with convoluted arguments that explain (for example) that property prices rise because of “supply and demand” for housing, not because of “easy money”. We are about to discover that demand for houses shrinks massively when the tide of "easy money" flows out of the economy.
[...]While gains by banks and corporations are inevitably privatised, their losses are often nationalised (read socialised). The true parasites reside in the private sector. The case of Countrywide, the US mortgage-lender guilty according to many of reckless lending practices, is emblematic. The company's CEO Angelo Mozilo is being investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission for potentially illegal activities. That has not stopped the US public authorities from stealthily bailing out this private company with loans of $51 billion, guaranteed by US taxpayers, and with little official supervision. The collateral for this generous lending is the "toxic waste" of sub-prime mortgages, so the loans are unlikely to be repaid to US taxpayers...